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Creator Name: Patterson, Elizabeth
Creator Qualifier: Worn by
Creator Nationality: North American; American
Creator Role: Donor/wearer
Creator Dates/Places: American, 1785 - 1879
Creator Name-CRT: Worn by Elizabeth Patterson
Title: Evening dress
Title Type: Object name
View: Full View
Creation Start Date: 1804
Creation End Date: 1805
Creation Date: ca. 1804 - 1805
Object Type: Costume and Jewelry
Classification Term: Main dress-Womenswear
Materials and Techniques: Cotton
Dimensions: L. at center back 96 3/4 in. (245.5 cm)
AMICA Contributor: The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Owner Location: New York, New York, USA
ID Number: 1983.6.1
Credit Line: Purchase, Gifts in memory of Elizabeth N. Lawrence, 1983
Rights: http://www.metmuseum.org/
Context: On December 24, 1803, Jerome Bonaparte (1784 -- 1860), brother of Napoleon, wed Elizabeth Patterson (1785 -- 1879) of Baltimore. The beautiful and fashionable young American was married in a dress of muslin and lace that, according to a contemporary, 'would fit easily into a gentleman's pocket.' This description evokes the sheer, narrow dresses that caused a sensation at the beginning of the nineteenth-century, more because of their contrast with the elaborate hooped costumes of previous decades than for any real immodesty. Although originally thought to have been Patterson's wedding dress, the formal gown illustrated here probably dates from 1804, when this type of vertical white embroidery became fashionable. The very sheer cotton mull from which the dress is made was probably imported from India already embroidered with heavy white cotton thread in transparent mull. Only a daring few had briefly abadoned these items of clothing, in imiration of 'Grecian' drapery -- the first of many fanciful nineteenth-century allusions to details of costume in earlier historic periods. As for the Patterson-Bonaparte union: Napoleon had the marriage annulled in 1805 and made Jerome the king of Westphalia in 1807. That year, Jerome married the princess of Wurttemberg. Elizabeth, banned from France by the emperor, remained in Baltimore with her son, Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte (1805 -- 1870). The very sheer cotton mull from which the dress is made was probably imported from India already embroidered with heavy white cotton thread in satin stitches and French knots. Under the transparent mull were worn a chemise, corset, and underdress that only a daring few had briefly abandoned in imitation of 'Grecian' drapery -- the first of many fanciful nineteenth-century allusions to details of costume in earlier historic periods.
AMICA ID: MMA_.1983.6.1
AMICA Library Year: 2000
Media Metadata Rights:
Copyright The Metropolitan Museum of Art
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